A thorough but time efficient preoperative clinical examination is ideal in all horses presenting for colic; however, this may not always be possible or safe in some horses. It is important to first...
Intra-operative mortality was significantly and positively associated with heart rate and packed cell volume at admission in horses undergoing colic surgery (Proudman et al, 2006). Similarly, in a...
Considering the signalment of the horse is important in order to identify any aspects which may affect anaesthetic risk. Studies have identified the following to be associated with higher risks during...