Figure 1. Dystocia caused by ventrally deviated head and neck. The foetal poll was palpable and the muzzle was retrieved and guided into the pelvic inlet, allowing an uncomplicated assisted vaginal delivery. Although born alive, the foal was euthanised because of congenital deviation of the rostral maxilla and nasal septum (wry-nose).

Understanding dystocia in the field: part 1

From approximately 2 months into gestation, the equine foetus is highly active (Allen and Bracher, 1992). The characteristically long umbilical cord facilitates free movement within the allantoic...

Figure 1. Elbow-lock posture.

Understanding dystocia in the field: part 2

Once the nature of the dystocia has been diagnosed, a concise conversation with the owners should ensue. The likely prognosis for mare, foal and subsequent fertility, as well as costs associated with...