Figure 1. Schematic to show the structural differences between brachydont and hypsodont teeth. a) Brachydont tooth (molar) has a low crown covered with enamel, and cementum is only present below the gumline. b) Hypsodont tooth (incisor) has a long reserve crown and continually erupt with the appearance of the occlusal surface changing as the animal ages.

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis

A number of theories exist underpinning the aetiology of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis. Mechanical strain on the periodontal ligament may be involved (Staszyk et al, 2008;...

Figure 1. Flexed dorsopalmar/plantar radiographic views of the metacarpophalangeal joint showing (a) a typical, complete, minimally displaced lateral condylar fracture and (b) a typical incomplete medial condylar fracture with a spiralling configuration extending into the proximal diaphysis. Soft tissue swelling of the metacarpophalangeal joint is evident in both cases. The lateral aspect is to the left of both images.

Diagnosis and management of stress fractures and fatigue injuries in horses

Stress fractures can occur in any horse undergoing repetitive exercise, although this type of injury is most commonly diagnosed in young Thoroughbred racehorses. In a study looking at incidence of...

Figure 8. a) A lateral radiograph of a foot with chronic laminitis demonstrating remodeling (a ‘ski tip’ appearance, arrow) of the dorsodistal tip of the third phalanx, consistent with chronic laminitis. Note this horse also has a very long toe (asterisk) in need of a trim. b) A lateral radiograph of a foot with chronic laminitis demonstrating osteopenia (circled) of the dorsodistal tip of the third phalanx, consistent with chronic laminitis.

Understanding, diagnosing and managing endocrinopathic laminitis

Hyperinsulinaemia-associated laminitis is seen when sustained hyperinsulinaemia causes stretching, proliferation and elongation of the digital lamellae without damaging the underlying basement...

The potential impact of artificial intelligence in equine practice

Artificial intelligence has the potential to play a significant role in equine welfare, from disease prevention to early detection and individualised treatment. Some tools are already widely used by...